Deep study · دِرَاسَة
2:253
Arabic · translations · word-by-word · tafsīr · mutashabihat watchlist
Deep study · دِرَاسَة
Arabic · translations · word-by-word · tafsīr · mutashabihat watchlist
Verse · Āyah
2:253
۞ تِلْكَ ٱلرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍۢ ۘ مِّنْهُم مَّن كَلَّمَ ٱللَّهُ ۖ وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَـٰتٍۢ ۚ وَءَاتَيْنَا عِيسَى ٱبْنَ مَرْيَمَ ٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتِ وَأَيَّدْنَـٰهُ بِرُوحِ ٱلْقُدُسِ ۗ وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقْتَتَلَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِنۢ بَعْدِهِم مِّنۢ بَعْدِ مَا جَآءَتْهُمُ ٱلْبَيِّنَـٰتُ وَلَـٰكِنِ ٱخْتَلَفُوا۟ فَمِنْهُم مَّنْ ءَامَنَ وَمِنْهُم مَّن كَفَرَ ۚ وَلَوْ شَآءَ ٱللَّهُ مَا ٱقْتَتَلُوا۟ وَلَـٰكِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ ٢٥٣
Of those messengers, some of whom We have caused to excel others, and of whom there are some unto whom Allah spake, while some of them He exalted (above others) in degree; and We gave Jesus, son of Mary, clear proofs (of Allah's Sovereignty) and We supported him with the holy Spirit. And if Allah had so wiled it, those who followed after them would not have fought one with another after the clear proofs had come unto them. But they differed, some of them believing and some disbelieving. And if Allah had so willed it, they would not have fought one with another; but Allah doeth what He will.
Those messengers - some of them We caused to exceed others. Among them were those to whom Allah spoke, and He raised some of them in degree. And We gave Jesus, the Son of Mary, clear proofs, and We supported him with the Pure Spirit. If Allah had willed, those [generations] succeeding them would not have fought each other after the clear proofs had come to them. But they differed, and some of them believed and some of them disbelieved. And if Allah had willed, they would not have fought each other, but Allah does what He intends.
Of these Messengers (whom We sent for the guidance of mankind), We raised some above the others in rank. Among them was one with whom Allah Himself had direct talks. There were others whom He raised high in rank in other ways. Likewise We gave clear signs to Jesus, son of Mary, and supported him with the Holy Spirit. Had Allah so willed the people who had seen clear signs would not have fought against one another after the Prophets. But (it was not Allah's will to prevent people forcibly from differences: so) they disagreed; then some of them accepted the Truth and others rejected it. If Allah had so willed they would have never fought against one another, but Allah does whatever He pleases (to fulfil His designs.
يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى أَنَّهُ فَضَّلَ بَعْضَ الرُّسُلِ عَلَى بَعْضٍ كَمَا قَالَ: ﴿وَلَقَدْ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَ النَّبِيِّينَ عَلَى بَعْضٍ وَآتَيْنَا دَاوُدَ زَبُورًا﴾ [الْإِسْرَاءِ:٥٥] وَقَالَ هَاهُنَا: ﴿تِلْكَ الرُّسُلُ فَضَّلْنَا بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَى بَعْضٍ مِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَلَّمَ اللَّهُ﴾ يَعْنِي: مُوسَى وَمُحَمَّدًا ﷺ وَكَذَلِكَ آدَمَ، كَمَا وَرَدَ بِهِ الْحَدِيثُ الْمَرْوِيُّ فِي صَحِيحِ ابْنِ حِبَّانَ عَنْ أَبِي ذَرٍّ رَضِيَ اللَّهُ عَنْهُ ﴿وَرَفَعَ بَعْضَهُمْ دَرَجَاتٍ﴾ كَمَا ثَبَتَ فِي حَدِيثِ الْإِسْرَاءِ حِينَ رَأَى النَّبِيُّ صلى الله عليه وسلم الأنبياء في السموات [[في جـ: "في السماء".]] بِحَسْبِ تَفَاوُتِ مَنَازِلِهِمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ.
فَإِنْ قِيلَ: فَمَا الْجَمْعُ بَيْنَ هَذِهِ الْآيَةِ وَبَيْنَ الْحَدِيثِ الثَّابِتِ فِي الصَّحِيحَيْنِ عَنْ أَبِي هُرَيْرَةَ قَالَ: اسْتَبَّ رَجُلٌ مِنَ الْمُسْلِمِينَ وَرَجُلٌ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ فَقَالَ الْيَهُودِيُّ فِي قَسَمٍ يُقْسِمُهُ: لا والذي اصطفى موسى عَلَى الْعَالَمِينَ. فَرَفَعَ الْمُسْلِمُ يَدَهُ فَلَطَمَ بِهَا وَجْهَ الْيَهُودِيِّ فَقَالَ: أَيْ خَبِيثُ وَعَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ! فَجَاءَ الْيَهُودِيُّ إِلَى رَسُولِ اللَّهِ ﷺ فَاشْتَكَى عَلَى الْمُسْلِمِ فَقَالَ رَسُولُ اللَّهِ ﷺ: "لَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ فَإِنَّ النَّاسَ يُصْعَقُونَ يَوْمَ الْقِيَامَةِ فَأَكُونُ أَوَّلَ مَنْ يَفِيقُ فَأَجِدُ مُوسَى بَاطِشًا بِقَائِمَةِ الْعَرْشِ فَلَا أَدْرِي أَفَاقَ قَبْلِي أَمْ جُوزِيَ بِصَعْقَةِ الطُّورِ؟ فَلَا تُفَضِّلُونِي عَلَى الْأَنْبِيَاءِ" [[صحيح البخاري برقم (٣٤٠٨) وصحيح مسلم برقم (٢٣٧٣) .]] وَفِي رِوَايَةٍ: "لَا تُفَضِّلُوا بَيْنَ الْأَنْبِيَاءِ".
فَالْجَوَابُ مِنْ وُجُوهٍ:
أَحَدُهَا: أَنَّ هَذَا كَانَ قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعْلَمَ بِالتَّفْضِيلِ وَفِي هَذَا نَظَرٌ.
الثَّانِي: أَنَّ هَذَا قَالَهُ مِنْ بَابِ الْهَضْمِ وَالتَّوَاضُعِ.
الثَّالِثُ: أَنَّ هَذَا نَهْيٌ عَنِ التَّفْضِيلِ فِي مِثْلِ هَذِهِ الْحَالِ الَّتِي تَحَاكَمُوا فِيهَا عِنْدَ التَّخَاصُمِ وَالتَّشَاجُرِ.
الرَّابِعُ: لَا تُفَضِّلُوا بِمُجَرَّدِ الْآرَاءِ وَالْعَصَبِيَّةِ.
الْخَامِسُ: لَيْسَ مَقَامُ التَّفْضِيلِ إِلَيْكُمْ وَإِنَّمَا هُوَ إِلَى اللَّهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ وَعَلَيْكُمُ الِانْقِيَادُ وَالتَّسْلِيمُ لَهُ وَالْإِيمَانُ بِهِ.
وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَآتَيْنَا عِيسَى ابْنَ مَرْيَمَ الْبَيِّنَاتِ﴾ أَيِ: الْحُجَجُ وَالدَّلَائِلُ الْقَاطِعَاتُ عَلَى صِحَّةِ مَا جَاءَ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ بِهِ، مِنْ أَنَّهُ عَبْدُ اللَّهِ وَرَسُولُهُ إِلَيْهِمْ ﴿وَأَيَّدْنَاهُ بِرُوحِ الْقُدُسِ﴾ يَعْنِي: أَنَّ اللَّهَ أَيَّدَهُ بِجِبْرِيلَ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَعَالَى: ﴿وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلَ الَّذِينَ مِنْ بَعْدِهِمْ مِنْ بَعْدِ مَا جَاءَتْهُمُ الْبَيِّنَاتُ وَلَكِنِ اخْتَلَفُوا فَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ آمَنَ وَمِنْهُمْ مَنْ كَفَرَ وَلَوْ شَاءَ اللَّهُ مَا اقْتَتَلُوا﴾ أَيْ: بَلْ كُلُّ ذَلِكَ عَنْ قَضَاءِ اللَّهِ وَقَدَرِهِ؛ وَلِهَذَا قَالَ: ﴿وَلَكِنَّ اللَّهَ يَفْعَلُ مَا يُرِيدُ﴾
About this surah
Madani · order 87
Summary
Al-Baqarah (the Cow) has been so named from the story of the Cow occurring in this Surah (67-73). It has not, however, been used as a title to indicate the subject of the Surah. It will, therefore, be as wrong to translate the name Al-Baqarah into "The Cow" or "The Heifer" as to translate any English name, say Mr. Baker, Mr. Rice, Mr. Wolf etc., into their equivalents in other languages or vice versa, because this would imply that the Surah dealt with the subject of "The Cow". Many more Surahs of the Quran have been named in the same way because no comprehensive words exist in Arabic (in spite of its richness) to denote the wide scope of the subject discussed in them. As a matter of fact all human languages suffer from the same limitation.
Quranic Universal Library (QUL) — Surah info (English)
Quranic Universal Library (QUL) — Quranic Arabic Corpus word-by-word (English)