Deep study · دِرَاسَة
12:80
Arabic · translations · word-by-word · tafsīr · mutashabihat watchlist
Deep study · دِرَاسَة
Arabic · translations · word-by-word · tafsīr · mutashabihat watchlist
Verse · Āyah
12:80
فَلَمَّا ٱسْتَيْـَٔسُوا۟ مِنْهُ خَلَصُوا۟ نَجِيًّۭا ۖ قَالَ كَبِيرُهُمْ أَلَمْ تَعْلَمُوٓا۟ أَنَّ أَبَاكُمْ قَدْ أَخَذَ عَلَيْكُم مَّوْثِقًۭا مِّنَ ٱللَّهِ وَمِن قَبْلُ مَا فَرَّطتُمْ فِى يُوسُفَ ۖ فَلَنْ أَبْرَحَ ٱلْأَرْضَ حَتَّىٰ يَأْذَنَ لِىٓ أَبِىٓ أَوْ يَحْكُمَ ٱللَّهُ لِى ۖ وَهُوَ خَيْرُ ٱلْحَـٰكِمِينَ ٨٠
So, When they despaired of (moving) him, they conferred together apart. The eldest of them said: Know ye not how your father took an undertaking from you in Allah's name and how ye failed in the case of Joseph aforetime? Therefore I shall not go forth from the land until my father giveth leave or Allah judgeth for me. He is the Best of Judges.
So when they had despaired of him, they secluded themselves in private consultation. The eldest of them said, "Do you not know that your father has taken upon you an oath by Allah and [that] before you failed in [your duty to] Joseph? So I will never leave [this] land until my father permits me or Allah decides for me, and He is the best of judges.
Then, when they had despaired of Joseph they went to a corner and counselled together. The eldest of them said: "Do you not know that your father has taken a solemn promise from you in the name of Allah, and you failed in your duty towards Joseph? So I will not depart from this land until my father permits me, or Allah pronounces His judgement in my favour. He is the best of those who judge."
يُخْبِرُ تَعَالَى عَنْ إِخْوَةِ يُوسُفَ: أَنَّهُمْ لَمَّا يَئِسُوا مِنْ تَخْلِيصِ أَخِيهِمْ بِنْيَامِينَ، الَّذِي قَدِ الْتَزَمُوا لِأَبِيهِمْ بِرَدِّهِ إِلَيْهِ، وَعَاهَدُوهُ عَلَى ذَلِكَ، فَامْتَنَعَ عَلَيْهِمْ ذَلِكَ، ﴿خَلَصُوا﴾ أَيِ: انْفَرَدُوا عَنِ النَّاسِ ﴿نَجِيًّا﴾ يَتَنَاجَوْنَ فِيمَا بَيْنَهُمْ.
﴿قَالَ كَبِيرُهُمْ﴾ وَهُوَ رُوبيل، وَقِيلَ: يَهُوذَا، وَهُوَ الَّذِي أَشَارَ عَلَيْهِمْ بِإِلْقَائِهِ فِي الْبِئْرِ عِنْدَمَا همّوا بِقَتْلِهِ، قَالَ لَهُمْ: ﴿أَلَمْ تَعْلَمُوا أَنَّ أَبَاكُمْ قَدْ أَخَذَ عَلَيْكُمْ مَوْثِقًا مِنَ اللَّهِ﴾ لتردنَّه إِلَيْهِ، فَقَدْ رَأَيْتُمْ كَيْفَ تَعَذَّرَ عَلَيْكُمْ ذَلِكَ مَعَ مَا تَقَدَّمَ لَكُمْ مِنْ إِضَاعَةِ يُوسُفَ عَنْهُ، ﴿فَلَنْ أَبْرَحَ الأرْضَ﴾ أَيْ: لَنْ أُفَارِقَ هَذِهِ الْبَلْدَةَ، ﴿حَتَّى يَأْذَنَ لِي أَبِي﴾ فِي الرُّجُوعِ إِلَيْهِ رَاضِيًا عَنِّي، ﴿أَوْ يَحْكُمَ اللَّهُ لِي﴾ قِيلَ: بِالسَّيْفِ. وَقِيلَ: بِأَنْ يُمَكِّنَنِي مِنْ أَخْذِ أَخِي، ﴿وَهُوَ خَيْرُ الْحَاكِمِينَ﴾ [[في ت، أ: "أحكم الحاكمين" وهو خطأ.]] .
ثُمَّ أَمَرَهُمْ أَنْ يُخْبِرُوا أَبَاهُمْ بِصُورَةِ مَا وَقَعَ، حَتَّى يَكُونَ عُذْرًا لَهُمْ عِنْدَهُ وَيَتَنَصَّلُوا إِلَيْهِ، وَيَبْرَءُوا مِمَّا وَقَعَ بِقَوْلِهِمْ.
وَقَوْلُهُ: ﴿وَمَا كُنَّا لِلْغَيْبِ حَافِظِينَ﴾ قَالَ عِكْرِمَةُ وَقَتَادَةُ: مَا [كُنَّا] [[زيادة من ت، أ.]] نَعْلَمُ أَنَّ ابْنَكَ سَرَقَ [[في ت: "يسرق".]] .
وَقَالَ عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ زَيْدِ بْنِ أَسْلَمَ: مَا عَلِمْنَا فِي الْغَيْبِ أَنَّهُ يَسْرِقُ [[في ت، أ: "سرق".]] لَهُ شَيْئًا، إِنَّمَا سَأَلَنَا [[في ت، أ: "سألناه".]] مَا جَزَاءُ السَّارِقِ؟
﴿وَاسْأَلِ الْقَرْيَةَ الَّتِي كُنَّا فِيهَا﴾ قِيلَ: الْمُرَادُ مِصْرُ. قَالَهُ قَتَادَةُ، وَقِيلَ: غَيْرُهَا، ﴿وَالْعِيرَ الَّتِي أَقْبَلْنَا فِيهَا﴾ أَيِ: الَّتِي رَافَقْنَاهَا، عَنْ صِدْقِنَا وَأَمَانَتِنَا وَحِفْظِنَا وَحِرَاسَتِنَا، ﴿وَإِنَّا لَصَادِقُونَ﴾ فِيمَا أَخْبَرْنَاكَ بِهِ، مِنْ أَنَّهُ سَرَقَ وَأَخَذُوهُ بِسَرِقَتِهِ.
About this surah
Makki · order 53
Summary
The subject matter of this Surah indicates that it was revealed during the last stage of the Holy Prophet's residence at Makkah, when the Quraish were considering the question of killing or exiling or imprisoning him. At that time some of the unbelievers put this question (probably at the instigation of the Jews) to test him :'Why did the Israelites go to Egypt?'' This question was asked because they knew that their story was not known to the Arabs for there was no mention of it whatever in their traditions and the Holy Prophet had never even referred to it before.
Quranic Universal Library (QUL) — Surah info (English)
Quranic Universal Library (QUL) — Quranic Arabic Corpus word-by-word (English)